Friday, December 27, 2019

Biography of Charles Kettering, Inventor of the Electrical Ignition System

The first electrical ignition system or electric starter motor for cars was invented by General Motors (GM) engineers Clyde Coleman and Charles Kettering. The self-starting ignition was first installed in a Cadillac on February 17, 1911. The invention of the electric starter motor by Kettering eliminated the need for hand cranking. The United States Patent #1,150,523, was issued to Kettering in 1915.   Kettering  founded the company Delco and headed research at  General Motors  from 1920 to 1947.   Early Years Charles was born in  Loudonville, Ohio, in 1876. He was the fourth of five children born to Jacob Kettering and Martha Hunter Kettering. Growing up he could not see well in school, which gave him headaches. After graduation, he became a teacher. He led scientific demonstrations for students on electricity, heat, magnetism, and gravity. Kettering also took classes at  The College of Wooster, and then transferred to  The Ohio State University. He still had eye problems, though, which forced him to withdraw. He then worked as foreman of a telephone line crew. He learned he could apply his electrical engineering skills on the job. He also met his future wife, Olive Williams. His eye problems got better, and he was able to go back to school. Kettering graduated from OSU in 1904 with an  electrical engineering  degree. Inventions Begin Kettering began working at a research laboratory at  National Cash Register. He invented an easy credit approval system, a precursor to todays credit cards, and the electric cash register, which made ringing up sales physically much easier for sales clerks all over the country.  During his five years at NCR, from 1904 to 1909, Kettering earned 23 patents for NCR.   Beginning in 1907, his NCR co-worker  Edward A. Deeds​  urged Kettering to improve the automobile. Deeds and Kettering invited other NCR engineers, including  Harold E. Talbott​, to join them in their quest. They first set out to improve the ignition.  In 1909, Kettering resigned from NCR to work full-time on automotive developments which included the invention of the  self-starting  ignition. Freon   In 1928, Thomas Midgley, Jr. and Kettering invented a Miracle Compound called Freon. Freon is now infamous for greatly adding to the depletion of the earths ozone shield. Refrigerators from the late 1800s until 1929 used the toxic  gases, ammonia (NH3), methyl chloride (CH3Cl), and sulfur dioxide (SO2), as refrigerants. Several fatal accidents occurred in the 1920s because of methyl chloride leakage from  refrigerators. People started leaving their refrigerators in their backyards. A collaborative effort began between three American corporations, Frigidaire, General Motors, and DuPont to search for a less dangerous method of refrigeration. Freon represents several different chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, which are used in commerce and industry. The CFCs are a group of aliphatic organic compounds containing the elements carbon and fluorine, and, in many cases, other halogens (especially chlorine) and hydrogen. Freons are colorless, odorless, nonflammable, noncorrosive  gases  or liquids. Kettering died in November 1958.

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Health Promotion For Age Related Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus...

Health Promotion for Age-Related Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most common health challenges world-wide, especially in older adults. In this paper, I am going to delve into how health promotion can be a significant factor in reducing the risks of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the aforementioned demographic. Through academic research and resources, in my first paragraph I will be providing the definition of Health Promotion and its importance for patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. My second paragraph will be discussing the pathophysiology to aid in the comprehension of how this health challenge is present in the body, along with patient responses and complications. Lastly, I will be touching on health promotion interventions, which will also be incorporated with specific ideas and information to aid individuals in promoting health and preventing development and/or advancement of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Health Promotion To start off, I am going to explain the definition of health promotion. Health is one’s ability to cope well physically, mentally, and socially in order to function within the environment in which they are living (World Health Organization, 2016). Encouraging one’s control over their own health in relation to social and environmental interventions defines health promotion, which leads to the optimization of health (World Health Organization, 2016). It is essential for older adults to partake in changing their lifestyle inShow MoreRelatedHealth Promoting Behavior Is Positively Associated With Diabetic Control Among Type 2 Diabetes Essay1414 Words   |  6 PagesC. (2013). Health-promoting behavior is positively associated with diabetic control among type 2 diabetes patients. Open Journal of Nursing, 3(2), 274-280. doi.org/10.4236/ojn.2013.32037 1. Purpose of the article. What is the overall purpose of the article? Try to state this in one sentence. The purpose of this article study was to identify the association between practicing health promoting behaviors and diabetic control among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients. 2. Type of articleRead MoreA Research On High Risk Population851 Words   |  4 Pagesoutcomes of the disease (Ricci-Cabello, et al. 2013). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive and protracted disease related with substantial morbidity and mortality. African Americans (AA) adults have the highest occurrence of T2DM due to factors such as obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and high consumptions of sugar that predisposed them at risk for prediabetes. AA adults with T2DM are predisposed to experience greater debility from diabetes-related consequences that arise when their blood glucoseRead MoreDiabetes Is A Major Global Health Crisis943 Words   |  4 PagesDiabetes Type 2 diabetes is emerging as a serious health challenge and has become a major global health crisis. This is especially true in the case of developing countries like India, where a combination of rapid urbanization, increasing sedentary lifestyles and a switch in nutrition has made it the centre of this epidemic. In 2000, India (31.7 million) topped the world with the highest number of people with diabetes mellitus. According to Wild et al.3 the prevalence of diabetes is predicted toRead MoreDiabetes : Medical Nutrition Therapy And Prevention1174 Words   |  5 PagesType 2 Diabetes: Medical Nutrition Therapy Prevention The American Diabetes Association (ADA) conducted a 2012 study measuring the â€Å"Economic Cost of Diabetes in the U.S.,† the results showed a $245 billion financial  ¬-encumbrance from the use of health resources and lost productivity over a 5 year period (American Diabetes, 2013). The cost amounts â€Å"accounts for more than 1 in 5 health care dollars in the U.S.,† and about 62% of cost being covered by government insurance (American Diabetes, 2013)Read MoreType 2 Diabetes Mellitus For Women1927 Words   |  8 Pages Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Women Melody McClain South University Introduction Diabetes Mellitus in Women Diabetes has been established to be more precarious for women, as it can augment pregnancy complications such as macrosomia, miscarriage, and birth defects. Women with diabetes also have a higher prevalence of secondary cardiovascular disease. Among those women who continue in the spiral of diabetes complications, ischemic heart disease is an even greater complication which will reduceRead MoreThis Essay Will Address the Role of Health Screening and Health Promotion in Regards to Diabetes Mellitus2410 Words   |  10 PagesDiabetes is a disease that ‘currently affects 346 million people worldwide’ (WHO 2011, Diabetes Program, p. 1). The National Health Priority Action Council (NHPAC) highlighted that ‘the direct health care expenditure on diabetes in 2000-01 was $812 million’(NHPAC 2006, p.7). This essay will address the role of health screening and health promotion in regards to diabetes mellitus. It will discuss the topics of morbidity, mortality, and aetiology as well as strategies to reduce incidence and prevalenceRead MoreDiabetes Is A Chronic Disease Essay1560 Words   |  7 PagesDiabetes is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces or both (WHO definition). TYPES Type 1 diabetes It is characterized by deficient insulin production and requires daily administration of insulin. The cause of type 1 diabetes is not known and it is not preventable with current knowledge. Type 2 diabetes It results from the body’s ineffective use of insulin. Type 2 diabetes comprises 90%Read MoreDiabetes Is A Group Of Metabolic Diseases1505 Words   |  7 Pages Diabetes in African American Populations Melanie Barber, MSN Student MPH 855 Principles of Epidemiology Department of Baccalaureate Graduate Nursing, Eastern Kentucky University Richmond, KY November 21, 2016 According to the American Diabetes Association, diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The chronic hyperglycemia associated with diabetes results in failure of variousRead MoreCoping with Chronic Illness2699 Words   |  11 Pagescaring in relation to chronic illness. o Effect of chronic illness on patient and relatives. o Health promotion strategies. 2. Definition of diabetes. 3. Types of diabetes. 4. Sign symptoms. 5. Causes. 6. Risk factors. 7. Anatomy and physiology of pancreas. 8. Case study. ïÆ' ¼ Demographic data. ïÆ' ¼ Past history of: ï‚ § Patient ï‚ § Family ïÆ' ¼ Lab investigations. ïÆ' ¼ Drugs. ïÆ' ¼ Nursing care plan. ïÆ' ¼ Health teaching 9. Conclusion. Introduction:- There are many ways to categorize illnessRead MoreHispanics And Latinos And Hispanics1560 Words   |  7 Pages There is a significant difference between Latinos and Hispanics, but they are also exceedingly closely related. It is important to remember that these terms refer to ethnicity, not race. Latinos and Hispanics are two different words that may or may not mean the same thing. Some people say Hispanics are those descending from Spain and speak Spanish. Others say it is not the same because Latinos include people from Latin American countries. Since this would include non-Spanish speaking countries it

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Process in Natural Resource and Environmental †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Process in Natural Resource and Environmental. Answer: Introduction The main objective of this paper is to provide brief overview about the consumer buying behavior which influence the decision making process. Furthermore, it explains the business activities and operations of Tiffany Company which renders personal accessories, leather goods and jewelry to the consumers globally. In today era, the firm is increasing its profit and revenue by providing attractive and unique jewelry to people in the market. Furthermore, it describes five stages of consumer decision making process. Also, it explains that how motivation, personality/self concept, perception, risks and attitudes active in CDMP stages. On the other hand, it depicts that how situational factors influence consumer decision making process. Tiffany company is an American luxury jewelry retailer and its headquarter is located in New York city. The company sells crystal, water bottles, sterling silver, jewelry, fragrances, china, leather goods and personal accessories. The firm is known for its luxury goods and it is specially known for its sterling silver jewelry and diamond. Tiffany co. was incorporated in 1837 by Charles Lewis Tiffany and John B. Young. Consumer behavior plays a critical role in the organization in order to increase and enhance the sale in the global market. Thus, understanding of consumer behavior is important for any organization before introducing a new product in the market. If the company failed to analyze and measure the behavior of consumer, the firm will face loses. Therefore, consumer behavior is significant to become successful in the world. Studying consumer behavior is also important to decide prices of the products which have been sold by the company. It helps to make quick decisions in the competitive market. Tiffany Company analyzes the behavior of consumers in order to increase demand of the products such as jewelry, and personal accessories. The target market of the organization includes gift givers, gift receivers and affluent self buyers. The company is more concerned about the choices, demands and preferences of the target market. The sale of the firm depends on the income level of the consumers. The consumers who belong to specific target market, they are accessible and measurable. They are quantifiable in terms of the income, age bracket and population. Furthermore, consumers are responsive in the market. These are the characteristics of the key target customers. There are five stages of consumer decision making process which help to make quick decisions (Wang and Pizam, 2011). The five stages include problem/need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decisions and post purchase behavior. All these stages help to increase and enhance the profits and revenue of Tiffany company in the global market. The firm also maintains high standards and policies to conducts business activities and operations successfully. Five stages of consumer decision making process The marketers are responsible for selling the goods and services in the market so they must have knowledge that how the consumers actually make their buying decisions. Consumer decision making process refers to the process of verifying and identifying the decisions making of the consumers by the marketers and leaders as well (Solomon et al, 2014). The five stages of the consumer decision making process have been discussed below. Need recognition: CDMP starts with need recognition of the consumers. Therefore, marketers should identify the needs and requirements of the consumers and they should understand how these needs and desires can be satisfied. Needs and requirements are the important point of the all buying decisions. Determining the wants, desires and wants of the customers provide support to enormous marketing decisions. Information search: It is the second stage of the consumer decision making process. Under this stage, consumer search and collect information about the products either from friends, family, whole seller, retailers, neighborhood, dealers and advertisements. Furthermore, consumers evaluate and analyze the positive and negative phases of the purchase. By collecting enormous information, consumers are able to make better purchase decisions in the global market. Tiffany company uses consumer decision making process in order to beat the competitors globally. Evaluation of alternatives: In consumer decision making process, evaluation of alternatives of alternatives comes at third number. After collecting the essential knowledge and information about the products, the consumers analyze the various alternatives on the basis of its quality, features and desires. This stage helps the consumers to choose the best products available in the market on the basis of their taste, preference, income and style (Tzeng and Huang, 2011). Purchase decision: After analyzing the alternatives consumers buy the suitable products. However, sometimes there are chances to postpone the buying decision due to various reasons. In this condition, the marketers shall try to find out the reasons and try to eliminate them either by providing enough information to the customers or by giving them guarantee regarding the products. Post purchase behavior: It is the final stage of consumer decision making process which helps to satisfy the consumers. This stage depends on the satisfaction of the customers. This stage can be used to evaluate and analyze the satisfaction level of the customers globally. If customers feel that the product and service are delivering the value and has met the expectations and requirements then they will become the loyal and faithful customers of the company (Keller, Parameswaran and Jacob, 2011). In this way it can be said that CDMP process helps to increase and enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the marketing plan and it also helps to gain better results in the rivalry market (Hoyer and Stokburger-Sauer, 2012). There are various psychological factors such as needs motivation, personality self concept, perception, risks and attitudes which may active in the five stages of the CDMP. The first stage of the consumer decision making process is recognition and thus, the motivations and needs of the target customers may become active in this stage. Under this stage, marketers and sellers identify and analyze the needs, desires and wants of the consumers therefore, it motivates and encourages consumers to buy the products of the company. The consumers are not able to buy the products without motivation. The consumer motivation shows the drive to satisfy both the psychological and physiological needs through consumption and purchase. Along with this, personality active in the fourth stage purchase decision. Personality is tiger point to make effective decisions within the organization. Personality traits include friendliness, self confidence, individualism, compulsiveness, adaptability, introversion, dogmatism, competitiveness, extroversion and aggressiveness (Freling and Forbes, 2013). These factors influence the behavior of people in the market. There is a close relationship between consumer purchasing decision and personality. For this purpose, generally products are created by considering the personality traits. The marketers believe that personality factors affect consumer decision making process. Apart from this, self concept also plays a significant role in buying decision. Self concept helps to increase the self awareness. Self concept comprises various factors such as social self, ideal self, perceived self and apparent self. In addition, self image and self esteem are the significant part of the self co ncept which influences the consumer buying behavior. If people have a low esteem, they are unable to make unique purchase decisions. On the other hand, if people having a high esteem then consumers become successful in the global market (De Mooij and Hofstede, 2011). Perception refers to the awareness. To get customers attention is not sufficient to get success and growth in the global market. It is customers perception which leads them to buy the product of the firm. Apart from this, perception helps to find out the enormous information and knowledge about the new products (Betsch and Haberstroh, 2014). Tiffany is a luxury jewelry company which sells jewelry products to the consumers. Different people keep different perception in the minds while buying the diamonds and jewelry. The consumers cannot buy the product without gaining the right and appropriate information about the product and service. They can collect information from various ways. Perception helps to retain the customers because they get all the information related to new product (Vivek, Beatty and Morgan, 2012). On the other hand, risk and attitude associate with the third stage of consumer decision making process. The consumers evaluate and measure the quality and features of pro ducts while buying the product in the market. They cannot purchase the product without evaluating the quality, and characteristics of the product. The consumers should have ability to understand and learn information related to product. Moreover, they should maintain positive attitude while analyzing the various alternatives that are available in the market. Attitude is a persons like and dislikes feeling something. It is also said to be a judgment. Jewelry and diamond has gained positive attitude of the consumers. Product risk and market risk are active while analyzing the product globally (Kumar and Petersen, 2012). Situational factors that influence CDMP Situational factors are considered the integral part of the CDMP. These factors also known as external factors which influence the consumer buying behavior that have been discussed below. Social factors: Consumers wants, motives, learning etc. are affected by opinion, reference groups, social class, persons family and culture. All these elements play an important role in consumer decision making process (Buunk, Gibbons and Buunk, 2013). Social factors also influence the consumers attitudes and perceptions through their own attitudes and behaviors. Furthermore, people who are efficiently involved in the service delivery can help customers through the decision making process. It also helps in making good image in the global market (Muruganantham and Bhakat, 2013). Personal factors: Personal factors are those factors which are unique and dynamic to the consumers. These factors include sex, age, gender and demographics etc. These factors affect the consumer decision making process. Apart from this, economic situation of the buyer also influence the CDMP. Cultural factors: These factors also play an important role in the consumer decision making process. Cultural factors include beliefs, perception, values and attitude of the consumers of the country. Every nation should focus on its culture in order to maximize the productivity and performance of the organization. Price of the promotional programs and product should be appropriate for the target populations culture. Tiffany company is fully aware of the cultural aspects of the each and every country (Tomalin and Stempleski, 2013). Psychological factors: There are various psychological factors that influence the consumer buying behavior very strongly. These factors include motivation, learning, experience, perception, attitude and beliefs (Maslach and Jackson, 2013). All these factors also active in the certain stage of the consumer decision making process. It is essential to understand and evaluate the situational factors which help in controlling the consumer buying process (Schmoldt et al, 2013). Advertising, brand, psychological, social and age influence the consumer needs and desires to large extent. Situational analysis is also important to implement the effective and unique marketing strategy within the organization. Motivation helps to fulfill the needs, requirements and wants of the customers. Therefore, Psychological factors are activating the internal requirements, needs and wants of the consumers. Motivation also helps to attain the desired goals and objectives (Schmoldt et al, 2013). On the other hand, personal factors encompass financial situations, lifestyle and self concept. Different self concept and perception influence the pattern of the consumers in the global market. Now it is assumed that situational factors active in the st ages of the consumer decision making process. Tiffany company needs to control on these factors to overcome the competitors in the world. It also helps to gain competitive advantages in the universal market (Tukej, Golob and Podnar, 2013). Along with this, various motivational theories are initiated by the firm to inspire and encourage people for buying the new products (Oliver, 2014). In addition, the company uses advertisement campaigns and promotional programs to analyze and identify the requirements and needs of the customers. Consumers preferences depend on the age and choices of the consumers. Moreover, situational analysis helps to differentiate Tiffany company products from the other products that are available in the market (Sheth, 2011). Key recommendations There are various recommendations have been given in order to facilitate/influence the target consumers to purchase and become satisfied with the selected brand which have been discussed below. The company should measure and analyze the external environment to identify the choices, needs and requirements of the target market. It will help to reduce market risks and the firm can beat the competitors in the international market. Along with this, marketers should make reciprocal relationship with customers to maximize the sale of the firm. Effective and unique promotional programs shall be conducted by the marketers in order to make easy decision making process. In addition, potential customers shall be identified on the basis of age, gender, income level, family size, religion, race, occupation, marital status and education level. Moreover, effective and unique marketing strategies and policies must be used by Tiffany company to attract target market in the world. Tiffany company should provide right and appropriate information and knowledge about the product and service to attract more and more customers in the competitive market. Marketers should fix appropriate prices of the products to attract middle class and lower class people in the world. Apart from this, they should provide right and enough information to the customers related to product quality, quantity and features. It will help to make unique decision making process. Tiffany should identify and evaluate the current marketing trends and lifestyle of the customers in order to satisfy them. In this way, they feel happy and customers will buy the products easily. Marketers measure and evaluate the several factors that influence the decision making process of consumer. It will help to increase outcomes and returns of the firm. Tiffany company should provide post purchase services to the customers in order to analyze the satisfaction level of customers globally. It will help to increase loyal and faithful customers in the international market. Moreover, the firm must analyze the plans, policies and strategies of the competitors to increase and enhance the profitability across the world. In this way, the organization can satisfy the consumers with the selected brand. Additionally, consumer decision making process must be initiated by each and every organization to purchase the products of the company. Conclusion On the above mentioned analysis, it has been concluded that Tiffany company is a holding firm which operates and manages through its subsidiary companies. It offers jewelry and personal accessories to customers across the world. The firm also engages in manufacturing, product design and retaining activities. The company directly supplies the diamond and jewelry to customers all over the world. On the other hand, consumer decision making process plays an integral role in Tiffany company to increase and enhance the returns of the firm. Five stages of CDMP have been explained in the task. These stages also influence motivation, need, self concept, perception, risk and attitudes of people. Various situational factors also affect the CDMP. Apart from this, various recommendation have been given to improve and enhance the decision making process of consumers. References Betsch, T. and Haberstroh, S. eds., 2014.The routines of decision making. Psychology Press. Brandtiffany and co. wordpress. 2018. Market segmentation. [Online]. Available at: https://brandtiffanyandco.wordpress.com/market-segmentation/ [Accessed as on 25th march 2018]. 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